Biodosimetry application in radiological accidents (BIODOS, BIOPEX, BIONCA)

Aim of study

The goal of these NKS (Nordic Nucler Research) funded projects was to develop new biodosimetry techniques to be used in radiological accident situations encompassing a large number of exposed individuals who may have been exposed to a large spectrum of radiation doses. The second phase of the study involved testing of the developed technique in a simulated radiation accident. Currently, the method is being established for neutron exposures. In addition, the aim was to improve the Nordic network within biodosimetry.

Implementation

The PCC technique allows to study chromosome aberrations without the cells entering into cell division. This enables the assessment of very high (above 10 Gy) doses. In the BIODOS project, a proper chemically-induced method for biodosimetry purposes was developed. The approach was evaluated and optimized both with respect to technical features as well as analysis efficiency and a dose calibration curve was established for gamma-rays over a wide dose range. The BIOPEX project included simulation of a radiation accident in order to test the suitability of the technique: 62 blood samples were gamma-irradiated with doses anticipated in a situation where a radioactive source hidden in a public place would cause for persons in the vicinity of the source. Samples were scored using so-called triage-approach, i.e. a fast and coarse dose estimation based on a small number of analysed cells that enables crude dose classification. In parallel, the routine dicentric method also with triage-analysis was applied to the samples. Both techniques were equally good in finding samples with no exposure. At low dose range, the dicentric method was more efficient in assessing the dose, whereas at higher doses, dose estimation was more accurately performed with the PCC technique. In conclusion, the PCC method was considered as a suitable biodosimetry method particularly in exposures where very high doses are received. During 2009, dose calibration for neutron radiation will be established.

Exploitation of results

The results will be published in a peer-reviewed international journal and reported to NKS. They can be exploited in the Nordic biodosimetry collaboration in the event of a mass casualty radiation accident.

Collaborators

Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Sweden; Norwegian Radiation Protection Agency (NRPA), Norway; Stockholm University, Sweden

Timetable

2006-2009

Responsible scientist

Carita Lindholm

Page updated 06/06/2009